The U.S. system is built around a closed model with controls placed between the brand-name marketers and the carrier gateways. By contrast, the system they designed in Europe was totally open. It gave connectivity to almost anyone who wanted it without any controls in place at the carrier level.  -   Jim Manis     Quotes
The U.S. system is built around a closed model with controls placed between the brand-name marketers and the carrier gateways. By contrast, the system they designed in Europe was totally open. It gave connectivity to almost anyone who wanted it without any controls in place at the carrier level. Jim Manis